City+Land+Use

Tokyo is one out of three world cities, being the most industrialized place in Japan. It is a large metropolis measuring 2,188 square kilometers, and houses 12,576,601 people. The arithmetic density of Tokyo would be "5,937 persons per square kilometer". Tokyo is divided into 23 units of areas called wards, and each one makes up a "ward" area. The Imperial Palace, the home of the emperor, is somewhat of the central business district of Tokyo because "it stands near the center of the city". In the east, the area from there to Tokyo Bay is "low and flat". Because of this, "chief businesses, commercial, and industrial districts" locate. The Marunouchi district contains many tall office buildings as wells as the Tokyo business district and the financial center. Easter Tokyo is jam packed wtih office buildings and apartments, but mainly for those who want to live close to their work. The oldest and poorest residential sectors of Tokyo also reside in the east. This is because the low-lying area is more susceptible to floods after heavy rains. To control and maintain floods, the Tokyo government has built dikes, but the filled-in land sinks annually. The basic residential sectors of the middle-class is in the west, where there are one to two story buildings side by side. The rich and poor can live in the same neighborhoods, but the west is where more luxurious housing is offered. Tokyo's urban pattern has characteristics of the sector model because the lower-class are in the periphery (the east), the central business district is in the center (Imperial Palace), the upper-class is located in the a specialized area (the west), and the industries are located stemming from the CBD (the southeast)Some things that the Japanese have modified to help them live with a high concentration of people are (but not limited to): transportation, waterworks, and sewerage.

The biggest network of public transportation in Tokyo is the Toei Transportation-Tokyo Bureau of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government (TBTMG). The government operated bus, street car, and train play a very prominent role in the lives of working class Japanese people. About 3.01 million people access the public transit, using it to get to work and other places around the city. About 28.25 million people use public transportation everyday.
 * Transportation**:

The composition of Tokyo's public transit is made up of: >
 * **The Japan Railway** (and other minor rail lines): This railway helps connect the suburban area to the central business district.
 * **The Tokyo Metro**
 * **The Toei Subways**: The most prominently used form of transportation in Japan. The Toei Subway is ridden by 2.34 million passengers every single day. This subway system consists of 4 lines: Asakusa, Mita, Shinjuku, and Oedo. Over a distance of 109km, these four lines connect to about 106 stations. The subway stations have changed the face of riding on trains. The Oedo line has a modified elevator that helps passengers get from ground-level to underground. Many people who are wheelchair-inclined have specialized fare machines and can access the stops from a wider gate. The Mita line has special modifications like paved floors to guide the visually-impaired, as well as moving platform gates to prevent anyone from falling on to the track.
 * **The Toei Bus**: The Toei Bus operates mainly in the ward and Tama area, servicing 560,000 people daily. With over 1,450 buses operating on 139 routes, the Toei Bus is the second most used system of transportation. The length of operation is about 786.3 km. Because so many buses are running, the Japanese governmen t has made it ideal that the passengers can get to where they need to be when they need to be there. For this reason, the government installed display boards near the bus stops so passengers know the approximate arrival time of their bus. Not only that, each bus is installed with a schedule, and when it reaches a certain point near a stop, passengers who are waiting can download the arrival time on their phone or another electronic device. The Bureau is also trying to use diesel fuel so it will not negatively impact the environment as much, and passenger accessibility is being improved. There is a total of 1,186 low-floor buses, and 77 hybrid buses in use.
 * **The Toei Streetcar**: This streetcar is one the most convenient modes of transportation for people who live from the Arakawa to Minowabashi and Waseda region. The 30 stops stretch across 12.2 km and transport 52,000 passengers. In 2007, the streetcars display a new "retro" theme and the stations near Minowabashi are being renovated.
 * **The Nippori-Toneri Liner**: The last form of public transportation that Japanese people use it the Nippori-Toneri Liner. This is a computer-operated train that runs 9.7 kilometers between "Nippori in the Arakawa Ward" to the Toneri area in the Adachi Ward[[image:Transportation.gif width="323" height="229" align="left" caption="This graph shows the statistics of the different transportation methods in Tokyo."]][[image:TOEI_SUBWAY.jpg width="291" height="235" align="left" caption="This is the Toei Subway."]]

Because the Japanese are surrounded by salted water, it is important for the citizens to have fresh water they can utilize for their needs. In 189, the Bureau of Waterworks have started a systematic technique to ensure usable water for all the citizens of Tokyo. Over 12.55 million people who live in the ward and the surrounding Tama area have access to water services. In the 25 municipalities, there are 6,831,308 people who use water daily, and they use an average of 4.334,000 gallons. To control the water usage, the Bureau formed a management plan that started from 2010 and will last until 2012.
 * Waterworks**


 * The key policies are**:
 * steadily introducing a new water treatment activated by "ozonation", or the application of ozone to water, wastewater, or air, generally for the purposes of disinfection or odor control, and making the water appeal to the senses.
 * to build a better water supply system that will corrode less, maintain a low chlorine residue level, and enhance energy efficiency.
 * to promote water storage directly in taps from storage tanks in elementary and public schools.
 * promote proper maintenance storage tanks
 * business with those who are willing to sell instead of deforesting of places for water sources
 * urgent implementation of "quake-resistant" water tanks.

The Bureau of Waterworks is also trying to improve different relationships with its business partners. To do this, they are broadening their management and corporation, improving customer relations and public hearings, advancing policies for future generations, and strengthening the management base. This is a transition from the secondary sector of jobs to tertiary, quaternary, and quinery sector jobs. The people who work at the Bureau of Waterworks not only facilitate the water usage in Japan, but also they are developing in to the forerunners of water usage in all of the most developed countries. Competition to be at the top is an economic push factor for the people of Tokyo who want to be at the front of water-working projects overseas. This motive will help the people of Tokyo to make great advances in water-working not only for themselves, but the world as well. To boost human welfare in Tokyo, the Bureau of Sewerage has made it ideal that the proper care has been take to dispose of waste. In the ward areas of Tokyo, 97% of the land is covered by proper sewerage disposal. Environmentally friendly projects have gone underway to help Tokyo remain as one the most beautiful places of Japan. Two reformation plans, The Earth Plan (2004) and the 10-Project for Carbon-Minus Tokyo (2004) have been implemented to help reduce carbon emissions and mitigate global warming. There are over 15,793,476 miles of sewage lines and over 478,908 manholes. To accommodate all the storing of public waste, people have filtered everything through 1,870,921 sewage tanks and 82 pumping centers.Urban renewal has gone underway to provide newer and more efficient pipes that support the backbone of the sewer industry. This has been called because heavy rainfall has polluted water as well as pouring oil down the drain. The oil contributes from the type of cuisine Tokyoites eat as well as many of their manufacturing industries.
 * Sewerage:**